The present paper stems from the biosemiotic modelling of individual artificial cognition proposed by Ferreira and Caldas (2012) but goes further by introducing the concept of Umwelt Overlap. The introduction of this concept is of fundamental importance making the present model closer to natural cognition. In fact cognition can only be viewed as a purely individual phenomenon for analytical purposes. In nature it always involves the crisscrossing of the spheres of action of those sharing the same environmental bubble. Plus, (...) the incorporation of that concept is vital to understand the complex semiosis that sustains collective tissues, societies, regulating collective cognition and consequently cooperative action. The concept of Umwelt Overlap broadens the range of applicability of the previous model to several distinct domains allowing for example for its application to multi-agent cooperative autonomous systems. In this paper a Middle Size League RoboCup soccer team is used as an example of a possible application. (shrink)

Stemming from Uexkull’s fundamental concepts of Umwelt and Innenwelt as developed in the biosemiotic approach of Ferreira 2010, 2011, the present work models mathematically the semiosis of cognition and proposes an artificial cognitive architecture to be deployed in a robotic structure.

Inconsistent corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices across stakeholder groups may induce undesired consequences for the firm. This study investigates the longitudinal and differential effect of chief executive officer (CEO) tenure on external and internal CSR and the moderating effects of two important contingencies relevant to the firm's social investments: firm visibility and slack availability. It presents CEO tenure as an important upper echelon factor that may induce differential preferences toward external and internal CSR and, therefore, CSR inconsistencies. Accordingly, it proposes (...) two important and relevant contingencies and provides additional evidence on how a firm's visibility and slack availability could affect CEO tenure-related differential behaviors. The findings contribute to studies on the temporal orientations of CEOs and how they impact firm strategic behavior. They also contribute to the literature on firm visibility and slack and how they may interact with certain upper echelon characteristics and affect firm behaviors. The analysis cautions against the perceptions of the relationships between firm- and CEO-level variables and a firm's aggregate CSR. (shrink)

The main objective of this study was to analyze the influence of tactical and situational variables on offensive sequences during elite European handball matches. A sample of 55 games and 5.857 offensive sequences from the European Handball Federation Champions League, the selected teams were classified as the top eight teams in the league, were analyzed using X2 and logistic regression analyses. Results indicated that positional attacks [odds ratio = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.28–0.42; p < 0.001] and fast attacks decreased the (...) probability of success for an offensive sequence by 66% and 54% when compared with counterattacks. Offensive sequences that start in the attacking zone seem to be less effective than those that start from a situation of “ball in center.” Additionally, offensive sequences that finished in the defensive zone of the observed team were 3.19 times more effective than those that ended before the 9 m zone. We concluded that compared with offensive sequences where the shot is performed from the 9 m zone, the chances of an offensive sequence ending successfully are 3.65, 3.60, and 2.21 times higher, for offensive sequences where the shot is performed from 9 m, 6 m, and the defensive zone, respectively. On the other hand, many variables seem to impact the performance of handball teams. Nevertheless, a significant challenge remains, and more research needs to be conducted to analyze the obstacles that teams need to overcome while attacking in the most effective way possible. (shrink)

Despite the ongoing consideration of the ethical nature of human resource management (HRM), little research has been conducted on how morality and ethics are represented in the discourse, activities and lived experiences of human resource (HR) professionals. In this paper, we connect the thinking and lived experiences of HR professionals to an alternative ethics, rooted in the work of Bauman (Modernity and the Holocaust, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1989; Theory, Culture and Society 7:5-38, 1990; Postmodern Ethics, Blackwell, Oxford, 1991; Approaches to (...) Social Enquiry, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1993; Life in Fragments, Blackwell, Oxford, 1995) and Levinas (Otherwise than Being, or, Beyond Essence, Duquesne University Press, Pittsburgh, PA, 1998). We argue that the study of HRM and ethics should be contextualized within the discourses used, the practices and activities of HR professionals. Through the analysis of interview data from 40 predominantly Canadian HR practitioners and managers we experiment with Bauman's notion of 'moral impulse' to help us understand how HRM is both a product and perpetuator of moral neutralization in organizations. We suggest that HRM as it is practiced is concerned with distancing, depersonalizing, and dissembling, and acts in support of the 'moral' requirements of business, not of people. However, we also recognize that HR practitioners and managers are often confronted with and conflicted by actions and decisions that they are required to take, therefore opening possibilities and hope for an alternative ethical HRM. (shrink)

Festschrift in honor of 60th birthday of Āgamānaṅdasvāmikaḷ, 1896-1961; collection of his speeches and writings on Vedanta and other aspects of Hindu philosophy.

Nietzsche's reflection on art extends throughout his philosophical work. From the early claim of an “artist's metaphysics” to the late considerations that see in art the privileged form of the Will to Power, Nietzsche makes his attempt to overcome western metaphysics to depend on a particular ontological conception of the artistic fact. This ontological aestheticism, of enormous influence in current philosophical trends, has been the subject of various comments and criticisms. Less interest has raised instead the analysis of the implications (...) that this long nietzschean meditation concerning art can have in the interior of the aesthetic field itself: what is the specificity of art compared with other fields of human action? What results for the individual and for culture from the encounter with the phenomenon of art? This article constitutes a first attempt to answer these questions. Its analysis focuses in The Birth of Tragedy and, to a lesser extent, in the physiology of art found in the Twilight of the Idols. The article's central thesis defends that, according to Nietzsche, the aesthetical experience is essentially an experience of knowledge, a type of knowledge that gives access to truth. (shrink)

El artículo, a partir de la idea de “confluencias” sugerida por Bispo y comentada por Krenak, busca discutir el papel central de las directoras/es de escuelas y otras instituciones para el establecimiento de múltiples “confluencias”: entre estudiantes, entre estudiantes y docentes; entre docentes; entre los responsables de los estudiantes y los docentes; entre todos los funcionarios escolares; entre la comunidad escolar y la comunidad en torno a la escuela; entre la dirección de la escuela y otros niveles de administración escolar; (...) etc. Con el apoyo en las investigaciones con los cotidianos y en las experiencias narradas y comentadas de múltiples acontecimientos, se trabajan tres diferentes ‘_espaciostiempos’_: el tiempo de la pandemia en una escuela infantil; las tensiones y soluciones para las decisiones acerca de la dirección de la escuela en un colegio universitario; la creación de una carrera experimental de formación docente en un municipio diferente a la sede universitaria. Con esas narrativas y análisis se sustenta un estudio más general de los contextos existentes, hoy, que se relacionan con las cuestiones existentes en los ‘_espaciostiempos’ _educativos. (shrink)

Forced to Fail traces the long legal history of first racial segregation, and then racial desegregation in America. The authors explain how rapidly changing demographics and family structure in the United States have greatly complicated the project of top-down government efforts to achieve an "ideal" racial balance in schools. It describes how social capital—a positive outcome of social interaction between and among parents, children, and teachers—creates strong bonds that lead to high academic achievement.

Is Economics an ‘objective’ or ‘positive’ science, independent of ethical and political positions? The financial crisis that began in 2007 gave rise to renewed doubts regarding the ‘objectivity’ of economics and brought into the public arena a debate that was previously confined to academia. A remarkable feature of the public debate on the value neutrality of economics since then was that it not only involved indictments of ideological biases in economic theory, but also the attribution of the crisis itself to (...) the unethical orientation of economic agents, of economists acting as experts and of ‘economic science’ itself. The contributors to this volume believe that economists of all persuasions are once again compelled to probe the normative foundations of their discipline and give a public account of their doubts and conclusions. (shrink)

A very influential idea on the nature of normative reasons is that the existence of normative reasons for action depends on the motivational capacity of the agents whose reasons they are: there are reasons for an agent to act only if she has the capacity to be moved to act for those reasons. Many theories of reasons developed in recent years imply at least some version of that idea, and many find it attractive since it incorporates some widespread assumptions about (...) the role of reasons. In this paper, I argue that that idea, understood in any of its prominent readings, is ultimately false. First, I endorse the claim that there is at least one case that shows the possibility of the so-called ‘elusive reasons', that is, roughly, reasons whose existence depends on the agent’s ignorance of the facts that constitute them. Then, I argue that all the crucial objections recently elaborated to the possibility of elusive reasons ultimately fail. The upshot is that we should not aim to explain the nature of normative reasons in terms of motivational capacities of the agents whose reasons they are. (shrink)

Despite the emergence of computer games as a dominant cultural industry, we know little or nothing about the ethics of computer games. Considerations of the morality of computer games seldom go beyond intermittent portrayals of them in the mass media as training devices for teenage serial killers. In this first scholarly exploration of the subject, Miguel Sicart addresses broader issues about the ethics of games, the ethics of playing the games, and the ethical responsibilities of game designers. He argues (...) that computer games are ethical objects, that computer game players are ethical agents, and that the ethics of computer games should be seen as a complex network of responsibilities and moral duties. Players should not be considered passive amoral creatures; they reflect, relate, and create with ethical minds. The games they play are ethical systems, with rules that create gameworlds with values at play. Drawing on concepts from philosophy and game studies, Sicart proposes a framework for analyzing the ethics of computer games as both designed objects and player experiences. After presenting his core theoretical arguments and offering a general theory for understanding computer game ethics, Sicart offers case studies examining single-player games, multiplayer games, and online gameworlds from an ethical perspective. He explores issues raised by unethical content in computer games and its possible effect on players and offers a synthesis of design theory and ethics that could be used as both analytical tool and inspiration in the creation of ethical gameplay. (shrink)

O objectivo do texto é esboçar algumas linhas programáticas de reflexão filosófica sobre o mito e a cultura. A presença do tema na filosofia contemporânea revel a a sua crescente importância, e aponta para novos questionamentos de aprofundamento, particularmente no âmbito da antropologia filosófica. Mito e cultura interpenetram-se, e constituem o horizonte da reflexão filosóficaque poderá desempenhar talvez, em boa parte, a função unificadora e fundamentadora atribuída à metafísica, pelo menos até à reacção contemporânea por parte das tendências positivista e (...) cientificizante. Certamente, à temática do mito e da cultura cabe um lugar proeminente no novo paradigma antropológico que se desenha na busca insistente das tendências actuais do pensamento filosófico, como resposta aos desafios lançados pelas mudanças e crises que caracterizam este nosso fim de século e de milénio. (shrink)

A doutrina positivista teve eco e deixou marcas nos intelectuais do Portugal oitocentista. O movimento republicano português do século XIX estava intimamente ligado a tal doutrina. José Pereira de Sampaio (1857-1915), que adoptou o pseudónomo de Bruno, tendo activa militância no partido Republicano Português, apresenta a novidade de, a par dessa militância, fazer uma crítica fundamental à filosofia comteana, centrada fundamentalmente na sua obra O Brasil Mental (1898). Essa crítica servirá de base às suas ideias filosóficas, à volta da teoria (...) da evolução, que exporá posteriormente nas suas obras A Ideia de Deus (1902) e O Encoberto (1904). /// La doctrine positiviste s'est répercutée et a laissé ses traces chez les intellectuels portugais du 19e. siècle. Le mouvement républicain portugais du 19e. fut en étroite relation avec cette doctrine. José Pereira de Sampaio (1857-1915), qui adopta le pseudonyme de Bruno et qui milita activement dans le parti républicain portugais, présente la nouveauté, à côté de cette activité de militant, de faire une critique fondamentale à la philosophie de Comte, qui se concentra principalement en son oeuvre O Brasil Mental (Le Brésil Mental) (1898). Cette critique servira de base à ses idées philosophiques, autour de la théorie de l'évolution, qu'il exposera ultérieurement en ses oeuvres A Ideia de Deus (L'idée de Dieu) (1902) et O Encoberto (Le recouvert) (1904). /// The positivist doctrine has had success and strongly influenced the portuguese intelectuals of the nineteenth century. The republican movement of that century had closely links with such a doctrine. José Pereira de Sampaio (1857-1915), under the pseudonym of Bruno, was an active militant in the Portuguese Republican party, and, at the same time, he puts forward a fundamental criticism of the comtean philosophy, mainly in his book O Brasil Mental (The Mental Brazil). This criticism is the basis of his philosophical ideas on the theory of evolution, which he will subsequently explain in his works A Ideia de Deus (The Idea ofGod) (1902) e O Encoberto (The Hidden) (1904). (shrink)

Neste artigo eu defendo que o conhecimento de proposições filosóficas pode e deve desempenhar o papel de ideal regulador das aulas de Filosofia no Ensino Médio. Grosso modo, penso haver dois tipos de conhecimento pressupostos nas aulas de Filosofia no Ensino Médio: o primeiro, que, por conveniência, chamarei de conhecimento filosófico disposicional, e o segundo, o conhecimento filosófico proposicional. O primeiro consiste naquele conhecimento que leva em conta apenas certas habilidades filosóficas de identificação de teses, de identificação e análise de (...) argumentos etc. O segundo envolve a garantia da verdade de uma proposição filosófica via justificação. Argumento que o conhecimento filosófico disposicional, embora seja um pressuposto epistemológico suficiente a ser tomado para a confecção de uma aula de Filosofia no Ensino Médio, não é necessário. Isso porque esse tipo de conhecimento não desempenha satisfatoriamente a função de objetivo último das aulas de Filosofia, se considerarmos uma característica fundamental da Filosofia: qual seja, aquela atividade que, através de seus autores, possui enquanto objetivo último obter conhecimento de certas proposições filosóficas. Além disso, argumento que o primeiro tipo de conhecimento é adequadamente desenvolvido somente se regulado por um ideal de conhecimento do segundo tipo. Assim considerado, além de fazermos, de fato, a Filosofia presente na sala de aula, tendemos a ter ganhos consideráveis para a postura dos alunos frente às questões filosóficas fundamentais. (shrink)

Este artigo discute a crtica de Hans Jonas ao uso da tcnica afastada da racionalidade moral, bem como a proposta tica por ele apresentada que tem como mxima a incluso da tcnica e da natureza na reflexo moral. luz da tica da responsabilidade sero analisadas duas questes: Por que Jonas afirma ser a tica tradicional como a kantiana, por exemplo, incapaz de mediar a relao homem-natureza-tcnica? A reflexo moral jonasiana possibilita ao homo tecnologicus uma conduta tica vivel em relao natureza (...) e tcnica? (shrink)

The growth of urban violence in Brazil, as in other countries, has led citizens to demand more severe and punitive measures to solve the problem of juvenile crime. One motion submitted to the Brazilian parliament, for instance, proposes to reduce the age of penal majority from 18 to 16 years. Our hypothesis is that popular opinions about this proposal are largely constrained by construal levels and psychological distance. Accordingly, we expect that the knowledge and proximity to the circumstances associated with (...) juvenile transgression will influence opinions about the proposal. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated how opinion against or for the proposal can be explained by psychological distance and moral development theory. We studied two samples, composed of people who do not have a deep experience with the subject and workers from a juvenile justice court. After collecting socio-demographic information from the subjects and their answer to moral dilemmas, the data was subjected to a multivariate analysis by multimodal logistic regression for socio-demographic characteristics, Kohlberg moral stages, and opinion on the reduction of APM as dependent variables. Our findings suggest that 1) opinion about the APM depends on psychological distance and 2) socioeconomic variables may influence the average construal level of adolescent transgressors in the public’s perspective. (shrink)

Human life in contemporary society is extremely complex and there are various external factors that directly affect the realization in the individual ends. In this work I analyze the effects of the global market economy, manifested by a mode of production and distribution of goods and services in the form of a global network of economic relations, which involve people, transnational corporations and political and social institutions in moral sphere of people, affecting their choices and the realization of these choices. (...) Individual freedom can be understand as a freedom to realize our choices in the environment of a global economic market, but it is still problematic in the sense that the choices of goods and services available in this market do not reflect individual choices, but a set of preferences standardized according to the market itself. In this paper I will reflect about the individual freedom in economic globalization pointing from the debate between Pettit and Berlin that social freedom advocated by Republican Petit can be satisfactory for a start. (shrink)

This paper is concerned with the semantics of bare plural I-generics such as ‘Tigers are striped’, ‘Chickens lay eggs’, and ‘Kangaroos live in Australia’. In a series of recent papers, Bernhard Nickel has developed a comprehensive view of a certain class of bare plural I-generics, which he calls characterizing sentences :629–648, 2009. doi:10.1007/s10988-008-9049-7; Linguist Philos 33:479–512, 2010a. doi:10.1007/s10988-011-9087-4; Philos Impr 10:1–25, 2010b). Nickel’s ambitious proposal includes a detailed account of their truth-conditions, an account of certain pragmatic phenomena that they give (...) rise to, a metaphysical picture of their truth-makers in terms of mechanisms, and an epistemological story connecting characterizing sentences to such concepts as induction and explanation. This paper offers an extended critique of the central truth-conditional component of Nickel’s proposal. In a nutshell, his account has it that ‘Tigers are striped’ is true iff, for tigers, there is a way of being normal with respect to fur-pattern such that all tigers that are normal that way are striped. I begin by explaining what characterizing sentences are and distinguish several readings that are available for sentences with bare plurals in subject position. I then introduce Nickel’s account and discuss some of its predictions which, in my view, seem highly problematic. Moreover, I argue that Nickel’s principle of Homogeneity does not go together well with his proposed truth-conditions, and that his truth-conditional account violates a plausible principle about the logic of generics, a principle I call generic non-contradiction. (shrink)

Why computer games can be ethical, how players use their ethical values in gameplay, and the implications for game design.

Philosophers of mathematics commonly distinguish between explanatory and non-explanatory proofs. An important subclass of mathematical proofs are proofs by induction. Are they explanatory? This paper addresses the question, based on general principles about explanation. First, a recent argument for a negative answer is discussed and rebutted. Second, a case is made for a qualified positive take on the issue.

Recent experimental studies indicate that epistemically irrelevant factors can skew our intuitions, and that some degree of scepticism about appealing to intuition in philosophy is warranted. In response, some have claimed that philosophers are experts in such a way as to vindicate their reliance on intuitions—this has become known as the ‘expertise defence’. This paper explores the viability of the expertise defence, and suggests that it can be partially vindicated. Arguing that extant discussion is problematically imprecise, we will finesse the (...) notion of ‘philosophical expertise’ in order to better reflect the complex reality of the different practices involved in philosophical inquiry. On this basis, we offer a new version of the expertise defence that allows for distinct types of philosophical expertise. The upshot of our approach is that wholesale vindications or rejections of the expertise defence are shown to be unwarranted; we must instead turn to local, piecemeal investigations of philosophical expertise. Lastly, in the spirit of taking our own advice, we exemplify how recent developments from experimental philosophy lend themselves to this approach, and can empirically support one instance of a successful expertise defence. (shrink)

Resumen: Este artículo pretende abordar aspectos esenciales del pensamiento de Henri Bergson en la dimensión de las prácticas políticas. Específicamente, esta indagación se centrará en un análisis del sentido de la democracia en Les Deux Sources de la morale et de la religion, en las escuetas, pero decisivas porciones de texto donde esta es abordada. Bajo este objetivo, se podrá extender una discusión de fondo, de carácter ontológico, en torno al rendimiento de una noción de Acontecimiento que pretende servir de (...) reflexión basal en torno al dominio de un concepto de lo político atribuible a este filósofo francés.: This article aims to address essential aspects of Henri Bergson’s thought in the dimension of political practices. Specifically, this inquiry will focus on an analysis of the meaning of democracy in Les Deux Sources de la morale et de la religion, in the succinct, but decisive portions of the text where it is focussed. Under this point, it will be possible to extend a substantive discussion, of an ontological nature, around the performance of a notion of Event that aims to serve as a basal reflection on the domain of a concept of the political attributable to this French philosopher. (shrink)

Public decisions concerning large projects with detrimental environmental or heritage impacts involve value conflicts which stem from the diverse interests and variety of ways of evaluating the costs and benefits of such projects. They are also framed by institutionalised procedures and practices which favour certain concerns to the detriment of others. This paper aims to contribute towards a better understanding of how these procedures and practices, namely decision support tools such as the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), tend to shape public (...) decision-making processes in particular ways. It draws on a study of the public controversy surrounding the Foz Tua dam in Portugal, with a focus on the values upheld by the different parties in the controversy and their interplay in the production of justifications, specifically the actors’ positions on values and value conflicts and the restrictions posed by institutionalised public decision-making procedures on the expression and consideration of certain values. (shrink)

O artigo apresenta concepções de educação, educação escolar e não escolar, educação na e da prisão e socioeducação, correlacionadas ao fenômeno da restrição e privação de liberdade (RPL) de jovens e adultos, na perspectiva libertadora. Ancora-se na perspectiva freiriana de sociedade e de educação, na qual ambas se opõem à opressão das classes populares ocasionada pelas desigualdades sociais. Nessa perspectiva, traz-se a socioeducação como criadora de espaços e de acontecimentos situados organicamente no mundo, com atividades concretas de formação do ser (...) no tempo presente, objetivando a continuidade da vida numa constante possibilidade de ser mais. As concepções apresentadas permitem exercitar o pensar no grupo de todos os brasileiros e de seus direitos, incluindo-se as pessoas que se encontram em RPL. (shrink)

The fundamental problem proponents of truth conditional semantics must face is to specify what role a truth theory is supposed to play within a meaning theory. The most detailed proposal for tackling this problem is the account developed by Ernest Lepore and Kirk Ludwig. However, as I will show in this paper, theories along the lines of Lepore and Ludwig do not suffice to put someone into the position to understand the objectlanguage. The fundamental problem of truth conditional semantics thus (...) remains unsolved. (shrink)

This paper explores two persistent questions in the literature on presumptions: the place and the nature of presumptions in law and legal argumentation. These questions were originally raised by James Bradley Thayer, one of the masters of the Law of Evidence and the author of the classic chapter devoted this subject in A preliminary treatise on Evidence. Like Thayer, I believe that these questions deserve attention. First the paper shows that the connection between presumptions and argumentation is a constant feature (...) in the literature on presumptions, since its foundation in the Middle Ages to modern times. James Bradley Thayer was probably the last jurist who clearly saw that presumptions belong to argumentation. Second, the paper examines two sources of controversy in the language of presumptions. First, “presumption” is an ambiguous word in the legal discourse. As a result, it is almost impossible to provide a clear and succinct answer to the question “What is a presumption?”. Second, there are at least four reconstructions of the concept of presumption whose merits and shortcomings are relevant to explore. The analysis presented here may be of interest for legal and non-legal scholars and, hopefully, it may help to shed light on the possibilities and limits of an interdisciplinary dialogue about presumptions. (shrink)

The traditional approach in cognitive sciences holds that cognition is a matter of manipulating abstract symbols followingcertain rules. According to this view, the body is merely an input/output device, which allows the computationalsystem—the brain—to acquire new input data by means of the senses and to act in the environment following its com-mands. In opposition to this classical view, defenders of embodied cognition (EC) stress the relevance of the body inwhich the cognitive agent is embedded in their explanation of cognitive processes. (...) From a representationalist frameworkregarding our conscious experience, in this article, I will offer a novel argument in favor of EC and show that cognitionconstitutively—and no merely causally—depends upon body activity beyond that in the brain. In particular, I will arguethat in order to solve the problem derived from the empirical evidence in favor of the possibility of shifted spectrum,representationalist should endorse the view that experiences concern its subject: the content of experience isde se.Ishow that this claim perfectly matches the phenomenological observation and helps explaining the subjective characterof the experience. Furthermore, I argue that entertaining this kind of representation constitutively depends on bodilyactivity. Consequently, insofar as cognition depends on consciousness, it is embodied. (shrink)

Phenomenology in medicine’s main contribution is to present a first-person narrative of illness, in an effort to aid medicine in reaching an accurate disease diagnosis and establishing a personal relationship with patients whose lived experience changes dramatically when severe disease and disabling condition is confirmed. Once disease is diagnosed, the lived experience of illness is reconstructed into a living-with-disease narrative that medicine’s biological approach has widely neglected. Key concepts like health, sickness, illness, disease and the clinical encounter are being diversely (...) and ambiguously used, leading to distortions in socio-medical practices such as medicalization, pharmaceuticalization, emphasis on surveillance medicine. Current definitions of these concepts as employed in phenomenology of medicine are revised, concluding that more stringent semantics ought to reinforce an empirical phenomenological or postphenomenological approach. (shrink)

The article intends to discuss processes of political subjectivation of children and young people based on excerpts from a research carried out within the scope of a master's degree in education, presenting a cartography of the political participation of children and young people living in vulnerable territories of the municipality of São Vicente, on the south coast from São Paulo, members of collectives and educational actions of the Instituto Camará Calunga. The concepts of mobilization and subjectivation are presented as important (...) elements of politicization processes, portraying the way in which children and young people engage politically in different ways, coordinated or supported by adults, representing themselves or supporting adults in their demands, opposing the notion that children do not act politically or that the ideal way for children and young people to participate would be to produce consensus and there would be no room for contestation. The research took place in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, essentially in a virtual way, but it traces a continuity with the Institute's participation practices in the pre-pandemic period. The research made use of the cartographic method, in a virtual and face-to-face way, in the context of live work, of daily living with children, young people and educators from Camará, through semi-structured interviews and field diaries. (shrink)